Christopher Allen Rainey v. Russel Barlow and Chelsey Faith Marto

Rainey · United States District Court for the District of South Carolina · January 15, 2026 · No. 9:25-cv-12384-JFA-MHC

Summary

The United States District Court for the District of South Carolina adopted the Magistrate Judge’s Report and Recommendation and dismissed Christopher Allen Rainey’s 42 U.S.C. § 1983 action without prejudice. The court concluded that one defendant was entitled to absolute immunity, another was not a state actor, and the requested relief was more appropriately pursued through habeas proceedings.

Court
United States District Court for the District of South Carolina
Writing for the Court
Joseph F. Anderson, Jr.
Jurisdiction
United States District Court for the District of South Carolina
Decision date
January 15, 2026
Docket number
9:25-cv-12384-JFA-MHC
Procedural posture
Pro se prisoner civil-rights action under 42 U.S.C. § 1983 referred to a magistrate judge for initial review under the Prison Litigation Reform Act. The district court reviewed and adopted the magistrate judge's Report and Recommendation after Plaintiff filed no objections.
Standard of review
Because Plaintiff filed no objections, the district court was not required to conduct de novo review of specific portions of the Report and Recommendation or provide an explanation for adopting it. The court reviewed the Report, the applicable law, and the record and found the recommendation correct.
Precedential value
Unpublished district court order; precedential status not established in the supplied materials.
Parties
Christopher Allen Rainey v. Russel Barlow, Chelsey Faith Marto
Disposition
dismissed

Topics

section 1983prisoners rightscivil proceduremotions to dismiss

Practice areas

Civil procedureCivil rightsPrisoner litigationFederal courts

Questions Presented

  1. Whether the district court could adopt the magistrate judge's Report and Recommendation without de novo review or a detailed explanation when Plaintiff filed no objections.
  2. Whether the complaint was subject to summary dismissal under the Prison Litigation Reform Act.
  3. Whether the § 1983 action could proceed where one defendant was entitled to absolute immunity, another was not a state actor, and the requested relief was more appropriately pursued in habeas proceedings.

Holdings

  1. When a party makes no specific objection to a magistrate judge's Report and Recommendation, the district court is not required to conduct de novo review of specific portions of the report or provide an explanation for adopting the recommendation.
  2. The complaint was subject to summary dismissal under the Prison Litigation Reform Act.
  3. The action could not proceed against Russel Barlow because he was entitled to absolute immunity.
  4. The action could not proceed against Chelsey Faith Marto because she was not a state actor for purposes of § 1983.
  5. The requested relief was better suited for a habeas action rather than an action under § 1983.

Key quotations

Consequently, this action is dismissed without prejudice, without further leave to amend, and without issuance and service of process.
Here, Plaintiff has failed to raise any objections and therefore this Court is not required to give an explanation for adopting the recommendation.

Factual background

Christopher Allen Rainey, proceeding pro se, filed a civil action under 42 U.S.C. § 1983 alleging constitutional-rights violations against Russel Barlow and Chelsey Faith Marto. The magistrate judge concluded that Barlow was entitled to absolute immunity, Marto was not a state actor, and the relief sought was better suited to a habeas action. Rainey filed no objections to the Report and Recommendation.

Procedural history

Plaintiff filed a § 1983 complaint alleging constitutional-rights violations. The magistrate judge recommended summary dismissal because Russel Barlow was entitled to absolute immunity, Chelsey Faith Marto was not a state actor, and the requested relief was more appropriately sought through habeas corpus. Plaintiff did not object to the Report and Recommendation, and the district court adopted it and dismissed the action without prejudice, without further leave to amend, and without issuance and service of process.

Court Document

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