Cheryll Dougherty, et al. v. Zynga Inc.

Dougherty v. Zynga · United States District Court for the Northern District of California · December 30, 2025 · No. 25-cv-04051-SI

Summary

The United States District Court for the Northern District of California orders plaintiffs to submit supplemental briefing on whether extraordinary circumstances disfavor transfer of the proposed class action to the Southern District of New York. The court states that it is inclined to grant Zynga Inc.’s transfer motion based on a forum selection clause in the applicable Take-Two Terms of Service and directs plaintiffs to file a brief of no more than five pages by January 12, 2026.

Court
United States District Court for the Northern District of California
Writing for the Court
Susan Illston
Jurisdiction
United States District Court for the Northern District of California
Decision date
December 30, 2025
Docket number
25-cv-04051-SI
Procedural posture
In a proposed class action alleging violations of California consumer law and the federal Video Privacy Protection Act, the court considered Zynga's motion to compel arbitration or, alternatively, transfer venue. The court ordered supplemental briefing from plaintiffs concerning enforcement of the forum-selection clause and vacated the hearing.
Standard of review
A party seeking to avoid a forum-selection clause bears a heavy burden to establish that the clause is unenforceable. For a transfer analysis, the relevant question identified by the court was whether extraordinary circumstances unrelated to the convenience of the parties clearly disfavor transfer.
Precedential value
Unpublished interlocutory district-court order directing supplemental briefing; limited precedential value.
Disposition
other

Topics

venueforum non conveniensarbitrationclass actionscivil procedure

Practice areas

civil procedureconsumer protectioncommercial litigation

Questions Presented

  1. Whether plaintiffs should be required to provide supplemental briefing on whether extraordinary circumstances clearly disfavor transfer under the forum-selection clause.
  2. Whether the court should vacate the scheduled hearing pending supplemental briefing.

Holdings

  1. The court ordered plaintiffs to file a supplemental brief addressing whether extraordinary circumstances unrelated to the convenience of the parties clearly disfavor transfer to the Southern District of New York.

Key quotations

As the ones “seeking to avoid a forum selection clause,” plaintiffs “bear[] a ‘heavy burden’ to establish a ground upon which [the Court] will conclude the clause is unenforceable.” (1)
addressing whether “extraordinary circumstances unrelated to the convenience of the parties clearly disfavor a transfer.” (1)

Factual background

Plaintiffs brought a proposed class action alleging violations of California consumer law and the federal Video Privacy Protection Act. Their claims were allegedly governed by the Take-Two Terms of Service, which contained a forum-selection clause. Zynga moved to compel arbitration or alternatively transfer venue, and plaintiffs' opposition concentrated on arbitration rather than the venue issue.

Procedural history

Plaintiffs filed a proposed class action against Zynga. Zynga moved to compel arbitration or alternatively transfer the case to the Southern District of New York. Plaintiffs' opposition focused primarily on arbitration and addressed venue in approximately one page. The court stated that it was inclined to grant transfer based on a forum-selection clause in the applicable Take-Two Terms of Service, but ordered plaintiffs to submit supplemental briefing before ruling.

Court Document

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