Center for Biological Diversity v. FWS

United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit · August 1, 2025 · No. 23-5285

Summary

The United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit affirmed the district court's grant of summary judgment in favor of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service regarding its 2020 rule downlisting the American Burying Beetle from endangered to threatened status under the Endangered Species Act. The court held that the agency's determination that the species faces low near-term extinction risk but is likely to become endangered in the foreseeable future was supported by the administrative record and reasonably explained. Additionally, the court ruled that the appellant lacked Article III standing to challenge the specific Section 4(d) protective regulations, though it successfully established standing to challenge the downlisting itself.

Court
United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit
Writing for the Court
Millett; Srinivasan; Pan
Jurisdiction
United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit
Decision date
August 1, 2025
Docket number
23-5285
Procedural posture
Appeal from the United States District Court for the District of Columbia (No. 1:21-cv-00791)
Standard of review
Arbitrary and capricious standard under 5 U.S.C. § 706(2)(A)
Precedential value
published
Parties
Center for Biological Diversity v. United States Fish and Wildlife Service, et al.
Disposition
affirmed

Topics

endangered species actadministrative lawenvironmental lawagency adjudicationjudicial review of agency action

Practice areas

environmental lawadministrative law

Questions Presented

  1. Whether the Service's downlisting rule is arbitrary, capricious, or otherwise contrary to the Endangered Species Act.
  2. Whether the Center has Article III standing to challenge the Service's Section 4(d) rule.

Holdings

  1. The downlisting rule is not arbitrary or capricious and is consistent with the statutory definitions of "threatened" and "endangered"; the district court's judgment is affirmed.
  2. The Center lacks standing to challenge the Section 4(d) rule on appeal.

Key quotations

The Service concluded that the Beetle “is not currently in danger of extinction as it faces relatively low near‑term risk of extinction.” (at 66)
The Center has not established standing on appeal to challenge the Section 4(d) Rule. (at 71–82)

Factual background

The Fish and Wildlife Service downlisted the American Burying Beetle from endangered to threatened in 2020 based on a Species Status Assessment that found the species faced low near‑term risk of extinction but was likely to become endangered in the foreseeable future. The Center challenged both the downlisting and the accompanying Section 4(d) protections.

Procedural history

The district court granted summary judgment for the Service, holding that the downlisting rule was supported by the record and that the Center lacked standing to challenge the Section 4(d) rule. The Center appealed.

Court Document

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