Energy Harbor, LLC v. FERC

United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit · July 11, 2025 · No. 24-1092

Summary

This D.C. Circuit opinion reviews a Federal Energy Regulatory Commission order denying Energy Harbor, LLC’s complaint regarding over $12 million in nonperformance penalties assessed by PJM Interconnection. The court addressed whether PJM’s Tariff excused nonperformance during an emergency when a generator faced both an approved maintenance outage and unexpected forced outages. Upholding FERC’s interpretation, the court held that the maintenance outage did not solely cause the performance shortfall because the facility possessed sufficient installed capacity to meet its expected output but failed due to additional forced outages. The petition for judicial review was ultimately denied.

Court
United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit
Writing for the Court
Randolph; Pillard; Garcia
Jurisdiction
United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit
Decision date
July 11, 2025
Docket number
24-1092
Procedural posture
Petition for review of FERC order denying Energy Harbor's complaint and rehearing request
Standard of review
Arbitrary and capricious standard under the APA
Precedential value
published
Parties
Energy Harbor, LLC v. Federal Energy Regulatory Commission
Disposition
dismissed

Topics

judicial review of agency actionadministrative lawstatutory interpretationadministrative procedure actagency adjudication

Practice areas

administrative lawstatutory interpretationcommercial litigation

Questions Presented

  1. Whether Section 10A(d) of PJM’s Tariff excuses nonperformance when a maintenance outage is not the sole cause of a performance shortfall
  2. Whether the D.C. Circuit should defer to FERC’s interpretation of the tariff after the overruling of Chevron

Holdings

  1. The exemption does not apply because the maintenance outage was not the sole cause of the shortfall; PJM’s interpretation is correct.
  2. The court affirmed that substantial deference to FERC’s reasonable interpretation remains appropriate under the APA.

Key quotations

“Section 10A(d) provides that a “Capacity Resource . . . shall not be considered in the calculation of a Performance Shortfall . . . to the extent such Capacity Resource . . . was unavailable ... solely because the resource on which such Capacity Resource is based was on a Generator Planned Outage or Generator Maintenance Outage approved by the Office of the Interconnection . . ..” (at P 2)

Factual background

During a December 2022 winter storm, PJM assessed $12.1 million in penalties against Energy Harbor for failing to meet capacity commitments. The Sammis Plant was on a PJM‑approved maintenance outage, but also suffered forced outages. Energy Harbor argued the maintenance outage should excuse the shortfall under Section 10A(d) of the PJM Tariff.

Procedural history

Energy Harbor filed a complaint with FERC challenging PJM's penalty calculation; FERC denied the complaint and later denied rehearing. Energy Harbor then petitioned the D.C. Circuit for review.

Court Document

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