John Doe v. Jonathan McKernan

United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit · July 1, 2025 · No. 24-5049

Summary

This D.C. Circuit opinion addresses an interlocutory appeal from the denial of a motion to proceed under a pseudonym in a lawsuit challenging the FDIC’s statutory ban on hiring individuals with felony convictions. Applying a five-factor balancing test, the court held that the plaintiff’s privacy interest in his sealed criminal record does not outweigh the strong public presumption of open judicial proceedings, particularly given the significant public interest in transparency surrounding a constitutional challenge to a federal employment statute. The appellate court affirmed the district court’s decision, concluding that the plaintiff failed to demonstrate compelling circumstances warranting anonymity.

Court
United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit
Writing for the Court
Millett; Rao; Rogers
Jurisdiction
United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit
Decision date
July 1, 2025
Docket number
24-5049
Procedural posture
Appeal from the United States District Court for the District of Columbia denying a motion to proceed under a pseudonym.
Standard of review
de novo abuse of discretion
Precedential value
published
Parties
John Doe v. Jonathan McKernan
Disposition
affirmed

Topics

interlocutory appealcivil proceduredue processequal protectionsubstantive due processprocedural due processappellate jurisdictionstandard of review

Practice areas

civil procedureconstitutional lawfederal employment law

Questions Presented

  1. Whether the district court erred in denying John Doe's motion to proceed under a pseudonym.

Holdings

  1. The appellate court affirms the district court's denial; the presumption of openness and the weighing of the five‑factor test do not favor pseudonymity in this case.

Key quotations

Because federal court proceedings are presumptively open and transparent, proceeding under a pseudonym is rarely granted. (at 1)

Factual background

Dr. John Doe, a former Ohio felon whose convictions were later pardoned and sealed, applied for a position with the FDIC. The FDIC denied his application under 12 U.S.C. §1822(f)(4)(E)(i). Doe filed suit alleging constitutional violations and moved to proceed under a pseudonym to protect his privacy. The district court denied the motion after weighing the five‑factor test.

Procedural history

John Doe sued the FDIC challenging a statutory hiring bar and simultaneously moved to proceed under a pseudonym. The district court denied the motion after applying the five‑factor test from Sealed Case I and II and affirmed the denial. Doe appealed.

Court Document

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