Cheri Williams v. United States

No. 23-3443 · United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit · December 2, 2025 · No. No. 23-3443

Summary

The Eighth Circuit vacated a nearly $3 million judgment against the United States arising from a collision between a Postal Service van and a bicycling child in Kansas City, Missouri. The court held that the evidence did not establish that the van driver had sufficient time to perceive and avoid the collision under Missouri negligence law.

Court
United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit
Writing for the Court
Kobes, Circuit Judge; Benton, Circuit Judge; Arnold, Circuit Judge
Jurisdiction
United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit
Decision date
December 2, 2025
Docket number
No. 23-3443
Procedural posture
The United States appealed from a judgment entered after a two-day bench trial in which the United States District Court for the Western District of Missouri awarded Cheri Williams nearly $3 million on a negligence claim arising from a collision between a Postal Service van and her son's bicycle.
Standard of review
The court reviewed the district court's judgment following a bench trial under the standard cited in Lovely Skin, Inc. v. Ishtar Skin Care Prods., LLC, 745 F.3d 877, 883 (8th Cir. 2014).
Precedential value
Published precedential opinion
Parties
United States of America v. Cheri Williams
Disposition
vacated

Topics

negligenceduty of careproximate causestandard of reviewappellate procedure

Practice areas

tortsnegligenceFederal Tort Claims Actappellate procedure

Questions Presented

  1. Whether the evidence established that the Postal Service driver had sufficient time and distance to perceive the danger and avoid or mitigate the collision under Missouri negligence law.
  2. Whether the district court erred in finding that the driver had the ability to take evasive action.

Holdings

  1. Williams failed to carry her burden to prove that the driver had sufficient time and distance to perceive the hazard and avoid or mitigate the collision; therefore, the United States was entitled to judgment as a matter of law.
  2. The United States is liable under the Federal Tort Claims Act only to the extent that, under the law of the place where the act or omission occurred, a private person would be liable for the negligent or wrongful act or omission of a federal employee.

Key quotations

Because the evidence at the two-day bench trial was insufficient to show that a reasonable driver could have avoided the collision, we vacate the judgment. (-2)
This, combined with the undisputed expert testimony that a driver requires 1.5 seconds to perceive and react to a hazard, means that Barnes did not have time to react, let alone avoid the collision. (-3)
Because Williams did not carry her burden to prove Barnes could have avoided the collision or mitigated the damage, the Government was entitled to judgment as a matter of law. (-4)

Factual background

Tony White, a 15-year-old bicyclist, was killed in Kansas City, Missouri, when he entered the path of a United States Postal Service van driven by Shaniel Barnes. A nearby security camera showed White entering the street and being struck in less than one second. Expert testimony established that a driver requires approximately 1.5 seconds to perceive and react to a hazard, and the court concluded that Barnes therefore lacked sufficient time to avoid or mitigate the collision.

Procedural history

The district court found the United States liable and awarded Williams almost $3 million. The Eighth Circuit reviewed the judgment and held that the evidence was insufficient to establish that the driver had sufficient time to perceive and avoid the collision. It vacated the judgment and remanded for proceedings consistent with the opinion.

Remand instructions

The case was remanded for proceedings consistent with the opinion.

Court Document

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