Lupe Development Partners, LLC v. Penny Baird

Lupe Development Partners, LLC v. Baird, No. 25-1566 (8th Cir. May 7, 2026) · United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit · May 7, 2026 · No. 25-1566

Summary

The United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit affirmed orders denying Lupe Development Partners, LLC and Steven Minn leave to depose their former counsel regarding alleged fraudulent transfers involving Penny Baird. The court held that the proposed discovery concerned Baird’s finances and was barred by a prior order absent new evidence of fraudulent or voidable transactions. The court also upheld an award of Baird’s costs and attorney’s fees as a sanction under the district court’s inherent authority.

Court
United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit
Writing for the Court
Smith, Circuit Judge; Loken, Circuit Judge; Kobes, Circuit Judge
Jurisdiction
United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit
Decision date
May 7, 2026
Docket number
25-1566
Procedural posture
Plaintiffs appealed the district court's order overruling their objections to a magistrate judge's denial of leave to depose a former law firm and imposition of limited sanctions consisting of Baird's costs and fees.
Standard of review
Abuse of discretion for the denial of leave to depose Scher and for the imposition of sanctions under the court's inherent authority.
Precedential value
Published opinion; precedential
Parties
Lupe Development Partners, LLC, Steven Minn v. Penny Baird
Disposition
affirmed

Topics

discovery disputesanctionsappellate jurisdictionappellate procedurecivil procedure

Practice areas

civil procedureappellate procedurejudgment enforcementdiscovery sanctionscommercial litigation

Questions Presented

  1. Whether the district court abused its discretion by denying Plaintiffs leave to depose the Scher Law Firm because the proposed discovery was discovery into Baird's finances barred by the 2023 order absent new evidence of fraudulent or voidable transactions.
  2. Whether the district court abused its discretion by imposing costs and attorneys' fees under its inherent authority as a sanction for Plaintiffs' conduct.
  3. Whether the Eighth Circuit had appellate jurisdiction over the postjudgment discovery and sanctions orders.

Holdings

  1. The district court did not abuse its discretion in denying Plaintiffs' motion for leave to depose the Scher Law Firm because the proposed discovery concerned Baird's finances and Plaintiffs presented no new evidence of fraudulent or voidable transactions as required by the prior order.
  2. The district court did not abuse its discretion by imposing sanctions consisting of Baird's costs and attorneys' fees because Plaintiffs willfully disobeyed the 2023 order by pursuing discovery into Baird's finances despite acknowledging that they lacked the required new evidence.
  3. The Eighth Circuit had appellate jurisdiction over the appeal because the postjudgment order denying the requested discovery was immediately appealable as a final decision.

Key quotations

The 2023 Order prohibited all discovery of Baird’s finances absent “new evidence of fraudulent or voidable transactions.” (at 11)
The 2023 Order prohibited discovery into Baird’s finances absent new evidence. Plaintiffs presented no new evidence. (at 12)
Plaintiffs asked for permission to do what the 2023 Order expressly prohibited them from doing—seeking discovery of Baird’s finances in the absence of new evidence. (at 14)

Factual background

Plaintiffs held judgments against Fred Deutsch and sought to locate assets and enforce those judgments by investigating alleged fraudulent transfers to Deutsch's wife, Penny Baird, and their children. Over many years, courts quashed or limited repeated discovery into Baird's finances, finding the discovery irrelevant, overly broad, or unsupported by new evidence of wrongdoing. Despite a 2023 district-court order warning that no further discovery into Baird's finances would be permitted absent new evidence, Plaintiffs sought leave to depose their former counsel, the Scher Law Firm, about a prior fraudulent-transfer lawsuit and related financial investigations. Plaintiffs conceded they had no new evidence and sought the deposition to obtain such evidence.

Procedural history

Plaintiffs obtained 2010 Minnesota state-court judgments totaling more than $1.9 million against Fred Deutsch and his companies. After extensive postjudgment discovery efforts concerning Baird's finances, the district court's 2023 order prohibited further discovery into those finances absent new evidence of fraudulent or voidable transactions. Plaintiffs later sought leave under Federal Rules of Civil Procedure 30 and 69 to depose the Scher Law Firm concerning prior fraudulent-transfer litigation. The magistrate judge denied the motion and awarded Baird her costs and fees under the court's inherent authority; the district court overruled Plaintiffs' objections and affirmed.

Court Document

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