Madhu Sudhan Kanapuram v. Director, US Citizenship and Immigration Services

131 F.4th 1302 · United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit · March 20, 2025 · No. 23-12826

Summary

This Eleventh Circuit opinion addresses whether federal courts have jurisdiction under the Administrative Procedure Act to review challenges to USCIS delays in adjudicating Form I-485 adjustment of status applications due to visa retrogression. The court holds that 8 U.S.C. § 1252(a)(2)(B)(ii) strips jurisdiction over such claims because the Immigration and Nationality Act grants the Department of Homeland Security broad discretion over the adjudicative process for adjustment of status. Consequently, the district court’s dismissal of the appellants’ complaint for lack of subject-matter jurisdiction is affirmed.

Court
United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit
Writing for the Court
Jordan; Brasher; Geraghty
Jurisdiction
United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit
Decision date
March 20, 2025
Docket number
23-12826
Procedural posture
Appeal from the United States District Court for the Northern District of Georgia, D.C. Docket No. 2:22-cv-00168-RWS, dismissal of complaint for lack of subject‑matter jurisdiction.
Standard of review
jurisdictional
Precedential value
published
Parties
Madhu Sudhan Kanapuram, Swathi Pillarisetty v. Director, US Citizenship and Immigration Services, Secretary, U.S. Department of State
Disposition
affirmed

Topics

adjustment of statusadministrative procedure actjudicial review of agency actionagency adjudicationstatutory interpretation

Practice areas

immigrationadministrative law

Questions Presented

  1. Whether 8 U.S.C. §1252(a)(2)(B)(ii) bars judicial review of APA claims challenging USCIS delays in adjudicating Form I‑485 applications.
  2. Whether the retrogression policy is within the discretionary authority granted to USCIS by 8 U.S.C. §1255(a).

Holdings

  1. Section 1252(a)(2)(B)(ii) deprives the district court of jurisdiction over the appellants' APA claims because the delay falls within the discretionary authority granted to USCIS by §1255(a).

Key quotations

We hold that 8 U.S.C. § 1252(a)(2)(B)(ii) deprived the district court of jurisdiction over the appellants’ APA claims because 8 U.S.C. § 1255(a) grants the DHS and USCIS discretion as to the process and resolution of adjustment of status applications. (at 11)
“We always have jurisdiction to determine our own jurisdiction.” (at 6)

Factual background

The appellants are Indian citizens on temporary employment‑based visas who filed EB‑2 Form I‑485 applications in December 2020 when their priority dates were current. The Department of State later retrogressed the Final Action Date, causing the applications to fall outside the cutoff. USCIS then delayed adjudication of the applications for 19 months.

Procedural history

The appellants filed Form I-485 adjustment of status applications in December 2020. While the applications were pending, the Visa Bulletin retrogressed, and USCIS delayed adjudication. The appellants sued alleging violations of the Administrative Procedure Act. The district court dismissed for lack of jurisdiction under 8 U.S.C. §1252(a)(2)(B). The Eleventh Circuit reviewed the dismissal.

Court Document

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