EcoFactor, Inc. v. Google LLC

115 F.4th 1380 (Fed. Cir. 2024) · United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit · May 21, 2025 · No. 2023-1101

Summary

This Federal Circuit en banc opinion addresses whether the district court abused its discretion in denying a motion for a new trial on damages based on the admissibility of an expert's testimony under Federal Rule of Evidence 702 and Daubert. The court reversed the denial, holding that the expert's reliance on three lump-sum settlement licenses to establish a per-unit reasonable royalty rate lacked sufficient factual basis and contradicted the express terms of the agreements. The case was remanded for a new trial on damages, while the panel's prior affirmance of the denial of summary judgment on invalidity and JMOL on noninfringement was reinstated.

Court
United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit
Writing for the Court
Chief Judge Moore; Lourie; Dyk; Prost; Taranto; Chen; Hughes; Stoll
Jurisdiction
United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit
Decision date
May 21, 2025
Docket number
2023-1101
Procedural posture
Appeal from the Western District of Texas denying Google’s motions for a new trial on damages, summary judgment of invalidity, and JMOL of non‑infringement.
Standard of review
Abuse of discretion (new‑trial); de novo for contract‑interpretation issues.
Precedential value
published
Parties
Google LLC v. EcoFactor, Inc.
Disposition
reversed_and_remanded

Topics

patent lawpatent infringementexpert testimonydaubert standardevidence

Practice areas

intellectual propertyevidenceappellate procedurecontracts

Questions Presented

  1. Whether the district court abused its discretion in admitting EcoFactor’s damages expert testimony under Fed. R. Evid. 702 and Daubert.
  2. Whether the denial of a new trial on damages was erroneous.

Holdings

  1. The court held that the district court abused its discretion because the expert’s opinion was not based on sufficient facts or data, as required by Rule 702(b).
  2. The denial was reversed; the case is remanded for a new trial on damages.

Key quotations

For issues not unique to patent law, we apply the law of the regional circuit in which this appeal would otherwise lie. i4i Ltd. P’ship v. Microsoft Corp., 598 F.3d at 841 (Fed. Cir. 2010). (at 1380)
The district court’s decision to admit Mr. Kennedy’s unreliable testimony was undoubtedly prejudicial. (at 1380)

Factual background

EcoFactor owned U.S. Patent No. 8,738,327 covering smart thermostats. Google’s Nest allegedly infringed. EcoFactor’s damages expert, Mr. Kennedy, testified that three prior license agreements reflected an $X per‑unit royalty rate, forming the basis of a reasonable‑royalty calculation. The district court admitted the testimony despite disputes over whether the licenses actually bound the licensees to that rate.

Procedural history

The district court denied Google’s motions. The panel affirmed the denial of JMOL and held the denial of summary judgment was not appealable. The en banc court reversed the denial of the new‑trial motion and remanded.

Remand instructions

Remand for a new trial on damages consistent with the proper application of Fed. R. Evid. 702 and Daubert.

Court Document

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