United Services Automobile Association v. PNC Bank N.A.

139 F.4th 1332 (Fed. Cir. 2025) · United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit · June 12, 2025 · No. 23-1639

Summary

This Federal Circuit opinion addresses the patent eligibility of U.S. Patent No. 10,402,638 under 35 U.S.C. § 101, which covers a system for remote check deposit using a handheld mobile device. Applying the two-step Alice framework, the court determined that the asserted claim is directed to the abstract idea of depositing a check using a mobile device and lacks an inventive concept because it merely applies routine data collection and analysis steps on generic hardware. Consequently, the court reversed the district court’s grant of summary judgment in favor of the patent holder, United Services Automobile Association, rendering the patent invalid under § 101.

Court
United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit
Writing for the Court
DYK; CLEVENGER; HUGHES
Jurisdiction
United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit
Decision date
June 12, 2025
Docket number
23-1639
Procedural posture
Appeal from the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas granting summary judgment to United Services Automobile Association on patent‑eligibility under 35 U.S.C. §101; PNC Bank appealed and USAA cross‑appealed.
Standard of review
de novo
Precedential value
published
Parties
United Services Automobile Association, PNC Bank N.A.
Disposition
reversed

Topics

patent eligibilitypatent lawintellectual property

Practice areas

intellectual property

Questions Presented

  1. Whether the asserted claim of the ’638 patent is directed to an abstract idea under 35 U.S.C. §101
  2. Whether the claim contains an inventive concept sufficient to render it patent‑eligible.

Holdings

  1. The claim is directed to the abstract idea of depositing a check and does not contain an inventive concept; therefore it is not patent‑eligible and the district court’s summary‑judgment grant is reversed.

Key quotations

We conclude that the claim is directed to the abstract idea of depositing a check. (at 9)
We do not find an inventive concept in the claim—only the implementation of routine activities using a generic device. (at 10)

Factual background

USAA owned U.S. Patent No. 10,402,638 covering a system that allows a customer to deposit a check using a handheld mobile device, employing OCR and error‑checking steps. The claim recites taking a photo of a check, transmitting it via a wireless network, and performing optical character recognition to extract data.

Procedural history

The district court granted USAA’s summary‑judgment motion finding the asserted claims of the ’638 patent patent‑eligible. PNC appealed that ruling; USAA cross‑appealed alleging improper damages testimony. The Federal Circuit reviewed the §101 issue de novo.

Remand instructions

Remand to the Eastern District of Texas to enter amended final judgments on the pending §101, §102, §103, and §112 issues.

Court Document

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