Ayodeji Awe v. Harris Health System

Awe · United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit · January 12, 2026 · No. 25-20144

Summary

The Fifth Circuit affirmed summary judgment for Harris Health System in Ayodeji Awe’s claims under the ADEA and Title VII arising from the employer’s decision not to rehire him. The court held that Awe failed to establish a prima facie case for age discrimination and ADEA retaliation and failed to show that Harris Health’s stated preference for internal candidates was pretextual for Title VII retaliation. Chief Judge Elrod concurred, criticizing the continued use of the McDonnell Douglas framework at the summary-judgment stage.

Court
United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit
Writing for the Court
Per curiam; Jennifer Walker Elrod, Chief Judge; Jerry E. Smith, Circuit Judge; Stephen A. Higginson? No; Wilson, Circuit Judge
Jurisdiction
United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit
Decision date
January 12, 2026
Docket number
25-20144
Procedural posture
Plaintiff appealed the Southern District of Texas's grant of summary judgment to his former employer on claims under the Age Discrimination in Employment Act and Title VII.
Standard of review
De novo review of the grant of summary judgment, applying the same standard as the district court.
Precedential value
Published and precedential
Parties
Ayodeji Awe v. Harris Health System
Disposition
affirmed

Topics

employment discriminationage discriminationretaliationtitle viisummary judgment

Practice areas

employment lawcivil rightsemployment discriminationappellate procedure

Questions Presented

  1. Whether the district court properly granted summary judgment on Awe's ADEA age-discrimination claim.
  2. Whether Awe established a prima facie case of retaliation under the ADEA.
  3. Whether Awe established a Title VII retaliation claim and presented sufficient evidence that Harris Health's stated preference for internal candidates was pretextual.

Holdings

  1. Awe failed to establish a prima facie case of age discrimination because the candidates hired for the chaplaincy positions were not uniformly younger than him and the evidence did not support his pretext theory.
  2. Awe failed to establish a prima facie case of ADEA retaliation because he did not adequately allege that his prior complaints concerned age discrimination or other ADEA-protected activity.
  3. Awe established a prima facie case of Title VII retaliation, but he failed to produce sufficient evidence that Harris Health's legitimate reason for hiring internal candidates was pretextual; therefore summary judgment was proper.

Key quotations

We review the district court’s grant of summary judgment de novo, applying the same standards as the district court. (p. 2)
However, “summary judgment was appropriate under the correct ‘clearly better qualified’ standard,” which itself is a high bar, and we affirm on that ground. (p. 7)

Factual background

Awe was formerly employed as a chaplain by Harris Health System and complained about workplace issues, including alleged underpayment of minority chaplains. After leaving Harris Health in 2020, he applied to return in 2021, but the employer hired three other candidates instead. Awe contended that the refusal to rehire him constituted age discrimination and retaliation for his prior complaints.

Procedural history

Awe sued Harris Health System after it declined to rehire him for a chaplaincy position. The district court granted Harris Health summary judgment on all claims, and Awe appealed. The Fifth Circuit affirmed.

Court Document

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