Commonwealth v. Fernandes

436 Mass. 671 (2002) · Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court · May 3, 2002

Summary

The Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court affirmed the defendant’s convictions for murder in the first degree and related offenses arising from the torture and killing of a victim. The court held that the prosecutor’s closing-argument comments concerning defense counsel and the defendant’s psychiatric expert were permissible and did not create a substantial likelihood of a miscarriage of justice. The court also declined to grant relief under G. L. c. 278, § 33E, including entry of a not-guilty-by-reason-of-insanity verdict, reduction to manslaughter, or a new trial.

Court
Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court
Writing for the Court
Marshall, C.J.
Jurisdiction
Massachusetts
Decision date
May 3, 2002
Procedural posture
The defendant appealed convictions for murder in the first degree, kidnapping, and assault and battery by means of a dangerous weapon, challenging prosecutorial remarks during closing argument and requesting relief under the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court's powers under G. L. c. 278, § 33E.
Standard of review
Because the defendant did not object at trial to the challenged closing-argument remarks, the court considered whether there was error and, if so, whether it created a substantial likelihood of a miscarriage of justice. The court independently reviewed the entire record under G. L. c. 278, § 33E.
Precedential value
Published precedential opinion of the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court
Parties
Commonwealth v. Fernandes, Fernandes v. Commonwealth
Disposition
affirmed

Topics

criminal procedureprosecutorial misconductappellate procedurestandard of reviewevidence

Practice areas

criminal lawcriminal procedureappellate advocacy

Questions Presented

  1. Whether the prosecutor's closing argument improperly criticized defense counsel's presentation of the evidence.
  2. Whether the prosecutor improperly disparaged or improperly vouched for or attacked the credibility of the opposing expert witnesses during closing argument.
  3. Whether the court should exercise its authority under G. L. c. 278, § 33E to direct a verdict of not guilty by reason of insanity, reduce the murder conviction to manslaughter, or order a new trial after the jury rejected the defendant's lack-of-criminal-responsibility defense.

Holdings

  1. The prosecutor's comments responding to defense counsel's characterization of the evidence and commenting on counsel's personal opinion to the jury were not improper.
  2. The prosecutor did not improperly disparage the defendant's expert witness or improperly vouch for the Commonwealth's expert witness.
  3. The court declined to direct a verdict of not guilty by reason of insanity, reduce the murder conviction to manslaughter, or order a new trial under G. L. c. 278, § 33E.

Key quotations

Within reason, prosecutors' may be critical of the tactics utilized by trial counsel in defending a case. (674)
The jury could accept the opinion of the Commonwealth’s expert and reject the opinion of the defendant’s expert; their verdict is consistent with the evidence that the defendant was criminally responsible when she killed the victim and that the killing was committed with deliberate premeditation and extreme atrocity or cruelty. (676)

Factual background

The jury could have found that the defendant lured a nineteen-year-old victim to an abandoned trailer, where the defendant and two accomplices bound, tortured, assaulted, and killed the victim before setting the trailer on fire. The defendant subsequently took steps to conceal her involvement and later confessed after receiving Miranda warnings, giving a detailed account consistent with the physical and forensic evidence. At trial, the defense argued lack of criminal responsibility based on mental illness, substance abuse, and childhood abuse; defense and prosecution psychiatrists offered conflicting opinions concerning the defendant's criminal responsibility and ability to premeditate.

Procedural history

After a nine-day jury trial, the defendant was convicted of murder in the first degree on theories of deliberate premeditation and extreme atrocity or cruelty, kidnapping, arson of a dwelling, and five counts of assault and battery by means of a dangerous weapon. The trial judge later allowed the defendant's renewed motion for a required finding of not guilty on the arson indictment; the remaining judgments and sentences were appealed. The Supreme Judicial Court found no reversible error in the prosecutor's closing argument and declined to exercise its § 33E authority to order an insanity verdict, reduce the murder conviction to manslaughter, or grant a new trial.

Court Document

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