Roe v. Johnston

Roe · United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit · April 28, 2026 · No. 25-6970 through 25-6980

Summary

The Ninth Circuit granted the Arizona Department of Health Services Director’s motion for a stay pending appeal. The stay suspends the district court’s permanent injunction concerning Arizona’s birth-certificate amendment statute, which requires verification of a “sex change operation,” pending resolution of the merits appeal.

Court
United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit
Writing for the Court
Andrew D. Hurwitz; Roopali H. Desai
Jurisdiction
United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit
Decision date
April 28, 2026
Docket number
25-6970 through 25-6980
Procedural posture
Interlocutory appeal from a district court's orders granting a permanent injunction and setting the injunction to become effective on April 30, 2026; the Ninth Circuit considered a motion for a stay pending appeal.
Standard of review
The court applied the four-factor standard governing a motion for a stay pending appeal: likelihood of success on the merits, irreparable injury absent a stay, injury to other interested parties, and the public interest.
Precedential value
precedential
Parties
Deborah Johnston, in her official capacity as State Registrar of Vital Records and Interim Director of the Arizona Department of Health Services, Warren Petersen, President of the Arizona State Senate, Steve Montenegro, Speaker of the Arizona House of Representatives v. Helen Roe, a minor, by and through her parent and next friend D.C. Megan Roe, James Poe, a minor, by and through his parent and next friend Laura Poe, Carl Voe, a minor, by and through his parent and next friend Rachel Voe
Disposition
other

Topics

appellate procedureequal protectiondue processconstitutional lawequitable relief

Practice areas

Appellate procedureConstitutional lawCivil rightsEquitable relief

Questions Presented

  1. Whether the district court's permanent injunction should be stayed pending resolution of the appeal on the merits.
  2. Whether preserving the status quo while the merits appeal is decided warranted a stay under the Nken factors.

Holdings

  1. A stay pending appeal is warranted, and the district court's orders entering the permanent injunction and making it effective on April 30, 2026, are stayed pending resolution of the appeal.

Key quotations

In light of the stay factors and our interest in preserving the status quo while we decide the merits of this appeal, the motion for a stay pending appeal is granted. (7)
The district court’s orders entering a permanent injunction, Dist. Ct. Dkt. 310, and making the injunction effective on April 30, 2026, Dist. Ct. Dkt. 353, are stayed pending resolution of this appeal. (7)

Factual background

Arizona law requires the registrar to amend a birth certificate upon verification that the person seeking amendment has undergone a "sex change operation." A class of transgender people who had not undergone such an operation challenged the law as violating equal protection and due process. The district court entered a permanent injunction striking the word "operation" from the statute and its implementing regulation, with the injunction scheduled to take effect on April 30, 2026.

Procedural history

A class of transgender people in Arizona sued the Director of the Arizona Department of Health Services, alleging that Arizona's birth-certificate amendment law violated the Equal Protection and Due Process Clauses. The district court granted plaintiffs summary judgment on all claims and later entered a permanent injunction striking the word "operation" from the statute and implementing regulation, while delaying the injunction's effective date. The Director timely appealed and moved for a stay pending appeal; proposed intervenor-defendants Warren Petersen and Steve Montenegro also appealed as movants.

Court Document

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