United States v. Hild

United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit · July 30, 2025 · No. 23-6136

Summary

The United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit affirmed the conviction of Michael Hild for securities fraud, wire fraud, bank fraud, and conspiracy following a trial in the Southern District of New York. On appeal, Hild challenged the sufficiency of the evidence and argued that a new trial was required due to erroneous jury instructions invalidated by the Supreme Court’s decision in Ciminelli v. United States. The appellate court concluded that sufficient evidence supported the conviction and that any instructional error did not warrant retrial because the jury also convicted him on a theory that remains valid post-Ciminelli.

Court
United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit
Writing for the Court
Calabresi; Park; Nathan
Jurisdiction
Second Circuit
Decision date
July 30, 2025
Docket number
23-6136
Procedural posture
Appeal from judgment of conviction entered by the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York
Standard of review
De novo for sufficiency of the evidence; plain error review for the alleged Yates error.
Precedential value
published
Parties
Michael Hild v. United States of America
Disposition
affirmed

Topics

criminal procedureappellate procedurestandard of reviewevidence

Practice areas

criminal procedure

Questions Presented

  1. Whether the evidence was sufficient to support Hild’s convictions for securities fraud, wire fraud, bank fraud, and conspiracy.
  2. Whether the erroneous jury instruction on the right‑to‑control theory of fraud, invalidated by Ciminelli v. United States, warrants a new trial under Yates.

Holdings

  1. The government’s evidence was legally sufficient; the convictions are affirmed.
  2. The error is harmless because Hild was convicted on a traditional fraud theory that remains valid; the conviction is affirmed.

Key quotations

We conclude that sufficient evidence supports Hild’s conviction and that he is not otherwise entitled to a retrial. Accordingly, we AFFIRM the judgment of the district court.
Although we agree that, under Ciminelli, the district court erred in instructing the jury on a right‑to‑control theory of wire fraud, we conclude that Hild is not entitled to a new trial because he was convicted on a theory of fraud that remains valid post‑Ciminelli.

Factual background

Live Well Financial, Inc., led by CEO Michael Hild, inflated the reported value of its bond portfolio by submitting inflated prices to Interactive Data Corporation, which lenders relied on to set loan amounts. The scheme involved a “Scenario 14” pricing model and later a “Scenario 4” model that produced bond valuations well above market values, allowing Live Well to obtain cash loans far exceeding the bonds’ true worth.

Procedural history

Hild was convicted at trial of securities fraud, wire fraud, bank fraud, and conspiracy. He moved for judgment of acquittal and a new trial, both denied. He appealed, also raising a claim that a jury instruction based on the now‑invalid right‑to‑control theory (Ciminelli) required a new trial.

Court Document

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