United States v. Lewis

125 F.4th 69 (2d Cir. 2025) · United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit · January 3, 2025 · No. 24-504

Summary

This Second Circuit per curiam opinion affirms the conviction and sentence of Chanette Lewis for conspiracy to commit wire fraud related to fraudulent government relief programs. On appeal, Lewis challenged four special conditions of supervised release, arguing the district court failed to orally pronounce them, did not explain their rationale, and imposed an overly broad electronic search condition. The court held that Lewis waived her challenge to the lack of oral pronouncement by declining the court's invitation to read the conditions aloud, found the district court's reasoning for the remaining conditions self-evident in the record, and determined the electronic search condition was narrowly tailored. Accordingly, the judgment of the district court was affirmed.

Court
United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit
Writing for the Court
Sullivan; Menashi; Kahn
Jurisdiction
United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit
Decision date
January 3, 2025
Docket number
24-504
Procedural posture
Appeal from judgment of conviction and sentence imposed by the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York.
Standard of review
plain error
Precedential value
published
Parties
Chanette Lewis (a.k.a. Netty Hott) v. United States
Disposition
affirmed

Topics

criminal procedureappellate procedurestandard of review

Practice areas

criminal procedure

Questions Presented

  1. Whether a defendant waives appellate review of the district court’s failure to orally pronounce special conditions of supervised release when she declines the court’s invitation to read them aloud.
  2. Whether the district court’s reasons for imposing the four special conditions of supervised release are sufficient without an explicit explanation on the record.
  3. Whether the electronic search condition imposed on supervised release is overbroad and not narrowly tailored.

Holdings

  1. When a defendant declines the district court’s invitation to read aloud a condition of supervised release referenced in the presentence report, she waives any argument on appeal that the court failed to orally pronounce that condition.
  2. The district court’s reasons for imposing the special conditions are self‑evident in the record, and the court may uphold the conditions without a detailed explanation.
  3. The electronic search condition is narrowly tailored; it requires reasonable suspicion and must be conducted at a reasonable time and manner, satisfying constitutional and statutory requirements.

Key quotations

We hold that when a defendant declines the district court’s invitation to read aloud a condition of supervised release referenced in the PSR, she waives any argument on appeal that the district court failed to orally pronounce that condition. (at 96)
The electronic search condition is narrowly tailored: the Probation Office must have reasonable suspicion to search Lewis’s electronic devices, and the search must be conducted at a reasonable time and in a reasonable manner. (at 103)

Factual background

From April 2020 to September 2021 Lewis led three fraudulent schemes exploiting COVID‑19 relief, unemployment insurance, and New York City Housing Authority programs. She used a call‑center position to obtain personal information, created false documents, and received payments via electronic transfer services. She pleaded guilty to two counts of wire‑fraud conspiracy and was sentenced with special supervised‑release conditions.

Procedural history

Lewis pleaded guilty to two counts of conspiracy to commit wire fraud. The district court sentenced her to 36 months imprisonment, three years supervised release, and imposed four special conditions. Lewis appealed, arguing (1) failure to orally pronounce the special conditions, (2) lack of explanation for the conditions, and (3) that the electronic search condition was overbroad.

Court Document

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