Shenisa Mohammed v. Pamela Bondi

129 F.4th 988 (6th Cir. 2025) · United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit · March 4, 2025 · No. 24-3649

Summary

The Sixth Circuit Court of Appeals reviews a Board of Immigration Appeals decision ordering the petitioner's removal based on a Virginia arson conviction qualifying as an aggravated felony under the Immigration and Nationality Act. Applying the categorical approach, the court compares the elements of the Virginia arson statute with the federal arson statute to determine if they categorically align. The court concludes that differences in aiding-and-abetting language are merely technical and do not make the state statute broader than the federal definition. Consequently, the court denies the petition for review.

Court
United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit
Writing for the Court
Mathis; Griffin; Nalbandian
Jurisdiction
United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit
Decision date
March 4, 2025
Docket number
24-3649
Procedural posture
Petition for Review of Board of Immigration Appeals decision
Standard of review
de novo
Precedential value
published
Parties
Shenisa Mohammed v. Pamela Bondi
Disposition
other

Topics

removal proceedingsstatutory interpretationappellate jurisdictionstandard of reviewimmigration

Practice areas

immigration

Questions Presented

  1. Whether Mohammed’s Virginia arson conviction qualifies as an “aggravated felony” under 8 U.S.C. §1227(a)(2)(A)(iii)

Holdings

  1. The Virginia arson conviction categorically fits within the federal arson statute and therefore is an aggravated felony.

Key quotations

Because the INA specifies a “conviction, not conduct, as the trigger for immigration consequences,” we employ the categorical approach.
The federal arson statute’s silence about accomplice liability and the INA’s failure to expressly reference § 2 represents nothing more than a technical consideration that has no place in our application of the categorical approach.

Factual background

Shenisa Mohammed, a citizen of Trinidad and Tobago, became a lawful permanent resident in 2010. Ten years later she pleaded guilty to arson under Virginia Code §18.2-77. The conviction was used to order her removal as an aggravated felony under the INA.

Procedural history

Mohammed, a lawful permanent resident, pleaded guilty to a Virginia arson conviction. The immigration judge held the conviction was an aggravated felony and ordered removal. The BIA affirmed. Mohammed filed a petition for review with the Sixth Circuit.

Court Document

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