Spring Creek Rehabilitation and Nursing Center LLC v. NLRB

Spring Creek · United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit · December 3, 2025 · No. No. 24-3043

Summary

The United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit held that the Norris-LaGuardia Act strips a district court of jurisdiction to enjoin NLRB administrative proceedings arising from an underlying labor dispute, including proceedings challenged on constitutional grounds. The court vacated the district court’s order denying preliminary injunctive relief and remanded for further proceedings. Judge Montgomery-Reeves concurred, concluding that Spring Creek lacked Article III standing because it had not shown an injury caused by the NLRB’s allegedly unconstitutional removal protections.

Court
United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit
Writing for the Court
Ambro, Circuit Judge; Bibas, Circuit Judge; Montgomery-Reeves, Circuit Judge
Jurisdiction
United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit
Decision date
December 3, 2025
Docket number
No. 24-3043
Procedural posture
Spring Creek sought a preliminary injunction in the District of New Jersey to halt NLRB administrative proceedings based on alleged unconstitutional removal protections for NLRB Members and ALJs. The district court denied the injunction, the NLRB hearing occurred, and Spring Creek appealed.
Standard of review
Factual findings concerning a preliminary injunction are reviewed for clear error, legal conclusions de novo, and the ultimate decision to grant or deny the injunction for abuse of discretion.
Precedential value
precedential
Parties
Spring Creek Rehabilitation and Nursing Center LLC, d/b/a Spring Creek Healthcare Center v. National Labor Relations Board, William B. Cowen, in his official capacity as Acting General Counsel of the National Labor Relations Board, Marvin E. Kaplan, in his official capacity as Chairman of the National Labor Relations Board, David M. Prouty, in his official capacity as Board Member of the National Labor Relations Board, Jeffrey P. Gardner, in his official capacity as an Administrative Law Judge of the National Labor Relations Board, 1199SEIU United Healthcare Workers East
Disposition
vacated

Topics

judicial review of agency actionlabor lawsubject matter jurisdictioninjunctionsseparation of powers

Practice areas

administrative lawlabor lawconstitutional lawcivil procedureremedies

Questions Presented

  1. Whether the Norris-LaGuardia Act deprives a federal district court of jurisdiction to enjoin NLRB administrative proceedings when the action challenging the agency's constitutional structure grows out of an underlying labor dispute.
  2. Whether a judicially created exception to the Norris-LaGuardia Act applies to Spring Creek's constitutional challenge.
  3. Whether the court could reach the Article III standing issue raised in the concurrence.

Holdings

  1. An action seeking to enjoin NLRB administrative proceedings on constitutional grounds grows out of an underlying labor dispute when the proceedings concern whether the employer committed unfair labor practices by refusing to bargain with the employees' union.
  2. No recognized exception to the Norris-LaGuardia Act applies because the case does not involve arbitration and Spring Creek's requested injunction is not based on federal statutory rights requiring reconciliation with the Act.
  3. The Norris-LaGuardia Act stripped the district court of jurisdiction to issue an injunction against the NLRB in this posture.

Key quotations

Because this suit grows out of a labor dispute between Spring Creek and its employees, we hold that the Norris-LaGuardia Act, 29 U.S.C. § 101, et seq., strips the District Court of jurisdiction to issue the injunctive relief Spring Creek seeks in this context. (3)
Giving the Act a broad construction leads us to conclude that our case “involves” or “grows out of” the labor dispute between the Union and Spring Creek. (10)
It stripped the District Court of jurisdiction to issue an injunction against the NLRB. (18)

Factual background

Spring Creek purchased a skilled nursing facility from Amboy Nursing and Rehabilitation Center in November 2021. Amboy had maintained a collective-bargaining relationship with 1199SEIU United Healthcare Workers East, and the Union later charged that the sale and Spring Creek's refusal to assume the expired agreement violated the NLRA. The NLRB issued a complaint alleging that Spring Creek refused to bargain collectively and in good faith, prompting Spring Creek to challenge the NLRB's authority and seek to halt the administrative hearing.

Procedural history

The NLRB issued an unfair-labor-practices complaint alleging that Spring Creek violated sections 8(a)(1) and 8(a)(5) of the NLRA by refusing to bargain collectively and in good faith with the Union. Spring Creek filed a federal action challenging the constitutional structure of the NLRB and moved for a preliminary injunction. The district court denied relief for failure to show irreparable harm. On appeal, the NLRB argued for the first time that the Norris-LaGuardia Act deprived the district court of jurisdiction to issue the requested injunction; the Third Circuit considered that jurisdictional argument, vacated the order, and remanded.

Remand instructions

Vacate the district court's order denying injunctive relief and remand for further proceedings consistent with the opinion.

Court Document

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