Evans v. Bryant

No. 23-CV-368-JFH-GLJ (E.D. Okla. Sept. 30, 2025) · United States District Court for the Eastern District of Oklahoma · September 30, 2025 · No. 23-CV-368-JFH-GLJ

Summary

This federal district court opinion and order resolves multiple motions to dismiss and motions for summary judgment in a civil rights action brought by a pro se pretrial detainee under 42 U.S.C. § 1983. The court evaluates claims alleging deliberate indifference to serious medical needs, due process violations, retaliation, inadequate food conditions, and supervisory liability against various jail officials and contractors. While several claims are dismissed for failure to allege personal participation or plausible constitutional violations, the plaintiff's due process claim against one defendant and free exercise claim against two others are permitted to proceed. The court also denies the plaintiff's motions for summary judgment and preliminary injunctive relief.

Court
United States District Court for the Eastern District of Oklahoma
Writing for the Court
John F. Heil, III
Jurisdiction
United States District Court for the Eastern District of Oklahoma
Decision date
September 30, 2025
Docket number
23-CV-368-JFH-GLJ
Procedural posture
Plaintiff brought a pro se 42 U.S.C. § 1983 action concerning alleged constitutional violations while he was a pretrial detainee. Defendants moved to dismiss under Rule 12(b)(6), Plaintiff moved for summary judgment, and Plaintiff sought preliminary injunctive relief.
Standard of review
On a Rule 12(b)(6) motion, the court accepts well-pleaded allegations as true, construes them in the plaintiff's favor, and asks whether the complaint states a facially plausible claim. Summary judgment is proper when there is no genuine dispute of material fact and the movant is entitled to judgment as a matter of law. Preliminary injunctive relief requires a clear and unequivocal showing of necessity, including likely irreparable injury.
Precedential value
district court opinion; precedential status not specified in the source
Parties
Judson Todd Evans v. Chris Bryant, Devra Atwood, Clay Lintner, Turn Key Health Clinics, LLC, Josephine Otoo, Nurse Kelly D. LPN, Nurse E.B. LPN, Brian Cooper, Kolby Corbell, Paul Johnson
Disposition
other

Topics

section 1983prisoners rightsdue processfree exercise clausemotions to dismiss

Practice areas

civil rightsconstitutional lawprisoner civil rightscivil procedure

Questions Presented

  1. Whether Plaintiff plausibly stated a deliberate-indifference claim based on allegedly inadequate treatment for arthritis and dementia.
  2. Whether Plaintiff plausibly stated a Fourteenth Amendment due process claim based on Corbell's alleged sexual harassment and urination in front of him.
  3. Whether Plaintiff plausibly stated a retaliation claim based on restrictions imposed after he submitted a written statement.
  4. Whether Plaintiff stated due process or § 1983 claims against Johnson and Atwood based on the PREA process and grievance responses.
  5. Whether Plaintiff's free exercise claims against Bryant and Atwood, including official-capacity claims, could proceed.
  6. Whether Plaintiff plausibly stated claims based on inadequate food, supervisory liability, or municipal liability against Turn Key and officials in their official capacities.
  7. Whether Plaintiff was entitled to summary judgment or preliminary injunctive relief.

Holdings

  1. Plaintiff failed to plausibly allege deliberate indifference or personal participation by any named defendant in connection with his medical-care allegations; the medical-care claims were dismissed without prejudice.
  2. Plaintiff plausibly alleged that Corbell's alleged sexually harassing conduct toward him as a pretrial detainee was not reasonably related to a legitimate governmental objective and therefore could constitute impermissible punishment under the Fourteenth Amendment.
  3. Plaintiff failed to plausibly allege retaliation because temporal proximity between his written statement and the restrictions imposed, without allegations that Corbell knew of the statement or its contents, was insufficient to establish retaliatory motive.
  4. Plaintiff's free exercise claim alleging denial of Holy Books and restriction of religious materials to Methodist materials was allowed to proceed against Bryant and Atwood in their individual and official capacities.
  5. Plaintiff failed to plausibly allege claims based on inadequate food, supervisory liability against Bryant concerning Claims 1, 2, and 4, or municipal liability against Turn Key and officials in their official capacities concerning those claims.
  6. Plaintiff's motions for summary judgment were denied because they lacked citation to evidentiary materials and did not establish the absence of a genuine dispute of material fact or entitlement to judgment as a matter of law.
  7. Plaintiff was not entitled to a preliminary injunction concerning alleged retaliation occurring after the lawsuit was filed because the requested relief was unrelated to preserving the status quo as to the claims in the complaint and Plaintiff did not clearly demonstrate likely irreparable injury.

Key quotations

the pertinent initial inquiry is whether the alleged condition—a prison employee “shaking” and “wagg[ing]” his exposed penis at a pretrial detainee in a “taunt[ing]” manner and urinating in front of him—is reasonably related to a legitimate governmental objective. (Opinion and Order, Claim 2(i))
All other claims raised in Plaintiff’s Amended Complaint are dismissed without prejudice for failure to state a claim upon which relief may be granted. (Opinion and Order, Conclusion)

Factual background

Plaintiff was a pretrial detainee at the Carter County Detention Center in Oklahoma from March through December 2023. He alleged denial of medications and medical treatment, sexually harassing conduct by jail staff, restrictions on detainee movement, denial of religious materials, inadequate food, and supervisory failures. The court found the allegations insufficient as to most claims but found plausible the allegation that Corbell's sexually harassing conduct constituted impermissible punishment and allowed the free exercise claims against Bryant and Atwood to proceed.

Procedural history

Plaintiff filed an amended complaint alleging inadequate medical care, due process violations, retaliation, denial of religious materials, inadequate food, and supervisory liability. The court dismissed without prejudice all claims except the due process claim against Corbell in his individual capacity and the free exercise claims against Bryant and Atwood in their individual and official capacities. The court denied Plaintiff's motions for summary judgment and motion for preliminary injunctive relief and directed the remaining defendants to file responsive pleadings.

Remand instructions

No remand. Defendants Corbell, Bryant, and Atwood were ordered to file responsive pleadings concerning the remaining claims within fourteen days.

Court Document

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