Connie Gardner, dependent of Richard Gardner, Sr. (deceased) v. Murray American Energy, Inc.

No. 25-ICA-158 (JCN: 2018003074) (W. Va. Int. Ct. App. Dec. 4, 2025) · Intermediate Court of Appeals of West Virginia · December 4, 2025 · No. 25-ICA-158 (JCN: 2018003074)

Summary

The West Virginia Intermediate Court of Appeals reviewed the denial of fatal dependent’s workers’ compensation benefits claimed on the basis that occupational pneumoconiosis materially contributed to Richard Gardner’s death. The court vacated and remanded because the Workers’ Compensation Board of Review failed to adequately analyze and explain the evidence, including contrary medical opinions and Occupational Pneumoconiosis Board testimony.

Court
Intermediate Court of Appeals of West Virginia
Writing for the Court
Charles O. Lorensen, Chief Judge; Daniel W. Greear, Judge; S. Ryan White, Judge
Jurisdiction
Intermediate Court of Appeals of West Virginia
Decision date
December 4, 2025
Docket number
25-ICA-158 (JCN: 2018003074)
Procedural posture
Connie Gardner appealed the Workers’ Compensation Board of Review's March 18, 2025, order affirming the claim administrator's denial of her application for fatal dependent's benefits. The Intermediate Court of Appeals reviewed whether the Board erred in finding that occupational pneumoconiosis was not a material contributing factor in Richard Gardner's death.
Standard of review
Under West Virginia Code § 23-5-12a(b), the Intermediate Court of Appeals may affirm or remand a Board of Review decision and must reverse, vacate, or modify it when substantial rights are prejudiced by statutory violations, excess of authority, unlawful procedure, legal error, findings clearly wrong in view of the reliable, probative, and substantial evidence, or arbitrary, capricious, abusive, or clearly unwarranted exercise of discretion. The Board's review of Occupational Pneumoconiosis Board opinions is deferential and subject to a clearly wrong standard, but that deference does not relieve the Board of its duty to address the evidence and meritorious arguments.
Precedential value
published
Parties
Connie Gardner, dependent of Richard Gardner, Sr. (deceased), Claimant Below v. Murray American Energy, Inc., Employer Below
Disposition
reversed_and_remanded

Topics

workers compensationappellate procedurestandard of reviewjudicial review of agency actionevidence

Practice areas

workers compensationadministrative lawappellate procedureevidenceemployment law

Questions Presented

  1. Whether the Workers’ Compensation Board of Review adequately analyzed the evidence and arguments concerning whether occupational pneumoconiosis materially contributed to Richard Gardner's death.
  2. Whether the Board of Review's order was reversible or vacatable when it merely restated the Occupational Pneumoconiosis Board's conclusion without explaining the reliability or credibility of the competing evidence.

Holdings

  1. The Board of Review erred by failing to adequately consider and analyze the evidence, including contrary medical opinions and specific Occupational Pneumoconiosis Board testimony, before determining that occupational pneumoconiosis was not a material contributing factor in Gardner's death.

Key quotations

However, this deferential standard does not relieve the Board from briefly addressing the evidence submitted and meritorious arguments made by the parties. (at 4)
The Board simply restated the OP Board’s conclusion, without any explanation or determination of the reliability or credibility of the evidence. (at 4)

Factual background

Richard Gardner worked in coal mining for approximately forty-two years, including extensive underground work, and had previously received a presumptive 10% impairment determination for occupational pneumoconiosis. He later developed severe pulmonary impairment, contracted COVID-19, and died in November 2021 from acute renal failure and COVID-19; his death certificate listed black lung as an underlying cause. Medical opinions differed regarding the extent of occupational pneumoconiosis and whether it materially contributed to his death. The Occupational Pneumoconiosis Board found that occupational pneumoconiosis was not a material contributing factor, and the Workers’ Compensation Board of Review affirmed without meaningfully addressing contrary opinions from Drs. Faber, Wood, and Aulick.

Procedural history

Richard Gardner received a 10% permanent partial disability award in his living occupational-pneumoconiosis claim. After his death from acute renal failure and COVID-19, with black lung listed as an underlying cause on the death certificate, Connie Gardner filed an application for fatal dependent's benefits. The Occupational Pneumoconiosis Board concluded that occupational pneumoconiosis was not a material contributing factor in the death, and the Workers’ Compensation Board of Review affirmed the claim administrator's denial. The Intermediate Court of Appeals vacated the Board's order and remanded for additional analysis.

Remand instructions

The claim is remanded to the Workers’ Compensation Board of Review for additional analysis of the evidence, including the opinions of Drs. Faber, Wood, and Aulick and the specific testimony of the Occupational Pneumoconiosis Board, with an explanation of the reliability and credibility of the evidence.

Court Document

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