People v. Dunbar

499 Mich. 60 (2016) · Michigan Supreme Court · March 29, 2016

Summary

The Michigan Supreme Court held that a towing ball partially obstructing a vehicle’s registration plate violated MCL 257.225(2), which requires a plate to be attached in a clearly visible position. The traffic stop was therefore lawful, and the trial court properly denied the defendant’s motion to suppress contraband discovered during the ensuing vehicle search.

Court
Michigan Supreme Court
Writing for the Court
Markman, J.; Young, C.J.; Zahra, J.; McCormack, J.; Viviano, J.; Bernstein, J.; Larsen, J.
Jurisdiction
Michigan
Decision date
March 29, 2016
Procedural posture
The prosecutor sought review of the Michigan Court of Appeals' reversal of the trial court's denial of defendant's motion to suppress contraband discovered after a traffic stop.
Standard of review
The trial court's factual findings on a motion to suppress are reviewed for clear error, and its legal conclusions and statutory interpretation are reviewed de novo.
Precedential value
Published Michigan Supreme Court opinion; precedential.
Parties
People of the State of Michigan v. Dunbar
Disposition
reversed_and_remanded

Topics

suppression of evidencefourth amendmentsearch and seizurestatutory interpretationcriminal procedure

Practice areas

criminal procedureconstitutional lawtraffic stopsstatutory interpretationsuppression of evidence

Questions Presented

  1. Whether a towing ball attached to a vehicle that partially obstructs its registration plate violates MCL 257.225(2).
  2. Whether the alleged registration-plate violation provided a lawful basis for the traffic stop.
  3. Whether the trial court properly denied defendant's motion to suppress the contraband as fruit of an unlawful seizure.

Holdings

  1. The second sentence of MCL 257.225(2) requires a registration plate and surrounding attachments to be configured so that the plate is not partially or fully obstructed. An attached towing ball that obstructs the plate violates the statute.
  2. Because defendant violated MCL 257.225(2), the officers had a lawful basis to stop his vehicle.
  3. Suppression was properly denied because the stop was lawful; the contraband discovered after the officers smelled burnt marijuana was not fruit of an unlawful seizure.

Key quotations

We conclude that the second sentence of MCL 257.225(2) requires a vehicle’s registration plate and surrounding attachments to be configured in such a manner that the plate is not partially or fully obstructed. (73)
The statute therefore prohibits a registration plate from being obstructed by an object attached to a vehicle. (73)
Because MCL 257.225(2) prohibits an obstruction of a vehicle’s registration plate, defendant violated the statute. (71)

Factual background

Police officers followed defendant's pickup truck and observed that a bumper-mounted towing ball partially obstructed the vehicle's registration plate. The officers stopped the truck for the alleged registration-plate violation, then smelled burnt marijuana and searched the vehicle, finding marijuana, cocaine, and a handgun. Defendant was charged with possession of cocaine, possession of marijuana, and carrying a concealed weapon.

Procedural history

After police stopped defendant for a partially obstructed registration plate and discovered marijuana, cocaine, and a handgun during a vehicle search, defendant moved to suppress the evidence as fruit of an unlawful seizure. The trial court denied the motion. The Michigan Court of Appeals reversed in a split decision. The Michigan Supreme Court, in lieu of granting leave to appeal, reversed the Court of Appeals, reinstated the suppression ruling, and remanded for further proceedings.

Remand instructions

Reverse the Michigan Court of Appeals' judgment, reinstate the trial court's denial of defendant's motion to suppress, and remand to the trial court for further proceedings.

Court Document

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