Ballan v. Greenberg

2025 NY Slip Op 04860 · Appellate Division, Second Judicial Department · September 10, 2025 · No. Index No. 60401/23

Summary

This Appellate Division decision affirms the dismissal of a plaintiff's claim for negligent infliction of emotional distress against the parents of an adult son who stalked and harassed the plaintiff's daughter. The court held that under New York law, parents do not owe a duty of care to third parties for the tortious conduct of their emancipated adult children. Consequently, the complaint failed to state a cause of action as required by CPLR 3211(a).

Court
Appellate Division, Second Judicial Department
Writing for the Court
Angela G. Iannacci, J.P.; William G. Ford; Deborah A. Dowling; Phillip Hom, JJ.
Jurisdiction
New York
Decision date
September 10, 2025
Docket number
Index No. 60401/23
Procedural posture
Appeal from order of the Supreme Court, Westchester County granting motion to dismiss complaint against the Greenbergs under CPLR 3211(a)
Standard of review
Whether the complaint states a cause of action for negligent infliction of emotional distress
Precedential value
published
Parties
Jonathan Ballan v. Jake Greenberg, et al.
Disposition
affirmed

Topics

negligent infliction of emotional distressduty of carenegligencecivil proceduremotions to dismiss

Practice areas

tortscivil procedure

Questions Presented

  1. Whether the Greenbergs owed a duty of care to the plaintiff for the negligent infliction of emotional distress caused by their son’s conduct
  2. Whether the complaint states a cause of action for negligent infliction of emotional distress against the Greenbergs

Holdings

  1. The Greenbergs owed no duty of care to the plaintiff to protect him against the actions of their emancipated adult son, and therefore the complaint failed to state a cause of action.

Key quotations

The question of whether a defendant owes a duty of care to another person is a question of law for the courts.
Absent a duty of care, there is no breach, and without breach there can be no liability.

Factual background

Jake Greenberg, an adult son of Stephen and Shari Greenberg, stalked and harassed the plaintiff's daughter after their relationship ended, resulting in multiple arrests and a guilty plea to criminal contempt and stalking. The plaintiff sued Jake and his parents for negligent infliction of emotional distress, alleging the parents aided and abetted Jake by providing financial support and failing to warn the plaintiff's family.

Procedural history

The Supreme Court, Westchester County dismissed the complaint against Stephen and Shari Greenberg for failure to state a cause of action under CPLR 3211(a). The appellant appealed the dismissal.

Court Document

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