People v. Archibald

2025 NY Slip Op 04733 · Appellate Division, Second Judicial Department · August 20, 2025 · No. 2022-03909

Summary

The Appellate Division, Second Department affirmed the defendant's convictions for grand larceny and immigrant assistance services fraud following guilty pleas. The court upheld two challenged probation conditions: one requiring the defendant to support his dependents and meet family responsibilities, and another permitting warrantless searches by a probation officer for weapons or contraband. Relying on Penal Law § 65.10, the court determined both conditions were reasonably tailored to the defendant's rehabilitation and public safety, while declining to review an unpreserved constitutional challenge to the family support requirement.

Court
Appellate Division, Second Judicial Department
Writing for the Court
CHAMBERS, J.P.; WOOTEN, J.; DOWLING, J.; LANDICINO, J.J.
Jurisdiction
New York
Decision date
August 20, 2025
Docket number
2022-03909
Procedural posture
Appeal from two judgments of the Supreme Court, Kings County convicting the defendant of grand larceny in the third degree, grand larceny in the fourth degree, and immigrant assistance services fraud; judgments affirmed.
Precedential value
published
Parties
James Archibald v. People of the State of New York
Disposition
affirmed

Topics

probationsearch and seizuresentencingcriminal procedureappellate procedure

Practice areas

criminal procedure

Questions Presented

  1. Whether a sentencing court may impose a probation condition requiring the defendant to consent to searches by a probation officer for weapons or other contraband.
  2. Whether a probation condition requiring the defendant to support his dependents is permissible under Penal Law § 65.10.

Holdings

  1. A sentencing court may impose such a condition so long as it is reasonably related to the defendant's rehabilitation or necessary to ensure that the defendant will lead a law‑abiding life and is individually tailored to the offense and the defendant's circumstances.
  2. Such a condition is permissible because it falls within the rehabilitative purposes listed in Penal Law § 65.10(2)[f].

Key quotations

Therefore, sentencing courts may require a defendant to consent to searches by his or her probation officer for weapons or other contraband, so long as the condition is 'reasonably related to the defendant's rehabilitation, or necessary to ensure that the defendant will lead a law‑abiding life.' (at 226 AD3d 922)

Factual background

James Archibald pleaded guilty to grand larceny in the third degree, grand larceny in the fourth degree, and immigrant assistance services fraud. The trial court imposed concurrent probation terms with Condition No. 14 (support dependents) and Condition No. 28 (consent to searches by a probation officer for weapons or contraband).

Procedural history

The defendant pleaded guilty to the offenses and was sentenced to concurrent probation with conditions including support of dependents and consent to searches by a probation officer. He appealed the probation conditions.

Court Document

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