Brick v. Campbell

140 N.Y. 457, 35 N.E. 651 (1893) · New York Court of Appeals · December 19, 1893

Summary

The New York court considered whether a married woman could assign life-insurance policies issued by New York and Massachusetts insurers. It held that New York law governed her capacity to assign the policies and that her assignment of the Massachusetts policy was invalid, but affirmed judgment concerning the endowment policy because the insured husband survived the policy term and the policy interest then vested in him or his assigns.

Court
New York Court of Appeals
Writing for the Court
Gray
Jurisdiction
New York
Decision date
December 19, 1893
Procedural posture
Cross appeals from a judgment of the General Term of the Superior Court of the City of New York that modified and affirmed, as modified, a judgment entered after a Special Term trial.
Standard of review
Appellate review of the legal validity of assignments and the interpretation and application of insurance-policy terms to undisputed facts.
Precedential value
Published New York Court of Appeals opinion; precedential.
Disposition
affirmed

Topics

life insurance litigationinsuranceassignment and delegationstatutory interpretationcontract interpretation

Practice areas

insurancelife insurance litigationcontractsassignment and delegationstatutory interpretation

Questions Presented

  1. Whether a married woman's 1877 assignment of a life-insurance policy issued by a Massachusetts insurer was valid when New York law governed her capacity to make the assignment.
  2. Whether Mrs. Brick retained any interest in an endowment policy after her husband survived the policy's fifteen-year term and the policy made the proceeds payable to him.

Holdings

  1. The validity of Mrs. Brick's assignment was governed by New York law, and she lacked legal capacity under New York's then-applicable statutes to assign the policy before the 1879 enabling legislation.
  2. Mrs. Brick's interest in the New York Life Insurance Company endowment policy ceased when her husband survived the fifteen-year term, and the husband's interest then vested and passed to Campbell or Campbell's assigns through the husband's assignment.

Key quotations

Mrs. Brick had no legal capacity to assign the policy of insurance to the defendant; quite irrespective of what the statutory law of Massachusetts may have been on the subject. (461)
The previous assignment to the defendant, however, had operated to transfer whatever interest he had in the policy, and the title of the defendant to the policy, which, before, was contingent upon Mr. Brick's surviving the period of fifteen years, and thus acquiring a transferable interest, became perfect (463)

Factual background

Hannah Brick, a married woman, was the beneficiary of five life-insurance policies issued in 1872 on her husband's life. In 1877, she and, with respect to one policy, her husband made assignments intended to secure the husband's debt to Campbell. The policies were issued before New York's 1879 legislation removing restrictions on married women's ability to assign such policies. One remaining policy was an endowment policy whose fifteen-year term expired before the retrial, after which the husband survived and the policy proceeds became payable to him under its terms.

Procedural history

The plaintiff initially obtained a judgment, while a prior judgment for the defendant was reversed by the New York Court of Appeals in Brick v. Campbell, 122 N.Y. 337. On remand, the defendant surrendered three policies, and the trial court entered judgment for the plaintiff concerning the two remaining policies. The General Term modified the judgment by removing the determination that the New York Life Insurance Company policy belonged to Mrs. Brick. The Court of Appeals affirmed that modification and the judgment as modified.

Court Document

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