State v. Hayes

2025-Ohio-2483 · Court of Appeals of Ohio, Third Appellate District · July 14, 2025 · No. 1-24-42

Summary

The Third District Court of Appeals of Ohio affirmed the conviction of Joshua L. Hayes for drug possession charges. The court addressed three assignments of error, ruling that the trial court properly denied motions to suppress evidence based on third-party consent and the fruit of the poisonous tree doctrine, and that Hayes forfeited his claim regarding eligibility for intervention in lieu of conviction by failing to file a proper request.

Court
Court of Appeals of Ohio, Third Appellate District
Writing for the Court
Mark C. Miller; Juergen A. Waldick; William R. Zimmerman
Jurisdiction
Ohio
Decision date
July 14, 2025
Docket number
1-24-42
Procedural posture
Hayes appealed his convictions and sentence following no-contest pleas, challenging the denial of his motion to suppress evidence and the trial court's treatment of his eligibility for intervention in lieu of conviction.
Standard of review
Suppression rulings present a mixed question of law and fact. The appellate court accepts factual findings supported by competent, credible evidence but reviews legal conclusions de novo. A trial court's decision regarding intervention in lieu of conviction is generally reviewed for abuse of discretion, while interpretation and application of statutory eligibility requirements are reviewed de novo.
Precedential value
published opinion
Parties
Joshua L. Hayes v. State of Ohio
Disposition
affirmed

Topics

suppression of evidencesearch and seizurefourth amendmentwarrant requirementappellate procedure

Practice areas

criminal procedureconstitutional criminal procedureevidenceappellate procedure

Questions Presented

  1. Whether the warrantless search of the room at 4040 West Breese Road was valid because Angela Hayes had actual or apparent authority to consent.
  2. Whether evidence obtained during the warranted search of Hayes's business was fruit of the poisonous tree of the residential search.
  3. Whether Hayes preserved a challenge to the trial court's determination concerning his eligibility for intervention in lieu of conviction when he never filed a statutory request for intervention.

Holdings

  1. The search of the room at 4040 West Breese Road was valid because, based on the facts available to officers, Angela Hayes had apparent authority to consent to the search.
  2. The trial court properly denied suppression of evidence from the search of One River Collective because the residential search was constitutional and therefore the business-search evidence was not fruit of the poisonous tree.
  3. Hayes forfeited his appellate challenge concerning intervention in lieu of conviction because he never filed the statutory request for intervention required by R.C. 2951.041.

Key quotations

When reviewing a ruling on a motion to suppress, “an appellate court must accept the trial court’s findings of fact if they are supported by competent, credible evidence.” (¶ 11)
Common authority is . . . not to be implied from the mere property interest a third party has in the property. (¶ 13)
Whether apparent authority existed must ‘be judged against an objective standard: would the facts available to the officer at the moment . . . “warrant a man of reasonable caution in the belief” that the consenting party had authority over the premises.’ (¶ 14)

Factual background

Police responded to a residence owned by Hayes after occupants reported suspected drugs. Hayes's former wife, Angela, lived at the residence with her children and told officers that she had free access to the room where suspected drugs were found; she consented to the search. Police later obtained a warrant to search Hayes's business, One River Collective, where additional suspected drugs were found. Hayes was indicted on six drug-possession counts, entered no-contest pleas, and received concurrent 18-month prison sentences.

Procedural history

Hayes was indicted in the Allen County Court of Common Pleas on six third-degree felony drug-possession counts. The trial court denied his request for a determination of eligibility for intervention in lieu of conviction and denied his motion to suppress evidence from searches of his residence and business. Hayes entered no-contest pleas, was found guilty, and received concurrent 18-month prison terms. The Court of Appeals affirmed, concluding that the residential search was supported by apparent authority and that Hayes forfeited his intervention-in-lieu argument because he never filed a statutory request for intervention.

Remand instructions

The cause was remanded only for execution of the judgment for appellate costs and issuance of the mandate; the trial court's judgment was otherwise affirmed.

Court Document

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