State v. Byrnes

2025-Ohio-3177 · Ohio Court of Appeals, Fifth Appellate District, Licking County · September 5, 2025 · No. 2025 CA 00007

Summary

The Ohio Court of Appeals affirmed the trial court's judgment upholding Carolina Byrnes's sentence for fifth-degree and first-degree misdemeanor theft charges. The court held that Byrnes did not need appellate permission to challenge her sentence as contrary to law, and reviewed the claim for plain error. Finding that the trial judge had statutory discretion to impose a prison term because Byrnes committed the offense while under community-control supervision, the court concluded the 12-month county jail sentence was a permissible TCAP prison sentence rather than an invalid community-control sanction.

Court
Ohio Court of Appeals, Fifth Appellate District, Licking County
Writing for the Court
David M. Gormley; Craig R. Baldwin; Kevin W. Popham
Jurisdiction
Ohio
Decision date
September 5, 2025
Docket number
2025 CA 00007
Procedural posture
Byrnes pleaded guilty to fifth-degree-felony theft and first-degree-misdemeanor theft and appealed the sentence imposed by the Licking County Court of Common Pleas.
Standard of review
Plain-error review under Crim.R. 52(B), because Byrnes did not object to the sentence or alert the trial court to the alleged legal errors.
Precedential value
published
Parties
Carolina Byrnes v. State of Ohio
Disposition
affirmed

Topics

sentencingcriminal procedureappellate procedureplain meaning rulestatutory interpretation

Practice areas

criminal lawcriminal sentencingappellate procedure

Questions Presented

  1. Whether the appeal should be dismissed because Byrnes did not obtain leave to appeal under R.C. 2953.08(A)(2).
  2. Whether the trial court plainly erred by imposing a prison term for a nonviolent fifth-degree felony when R.C. 2929.13(B)(1)(a) generally requires community control.
  3. Whether the 12-month county-jail sentence exceeded the six-month limit applicable to a community-control jail term under R.C. 2929.16(A)(2).
  4. Whether the sentence was a permissible TCAP prison sentence required to be served in the county jail rather than in a state prison.

Holdings

  1. A defendant who challenges a felony sentence as contrary to law may appeal as of right under R.C. 2953.08(A)(4); Byrnes therefore was not required to obtain permission to appeal under R.C. 2953.08(A)(2).
  2. When a defendant fails to object to the sentence at the sentencing hearing, the appellate court reviews the alleged sentencing error solely for plain error.
  3. The trial court had discretion to impose a prison term rather than community control because Byrnes committed the nonviolent fifth-degree felony while under a community-control sanction.
  4. The 12-month county-jail term was not an impermissibly lengthy community-control jail sentence because it was a prison sentence imposed under the TCAP program.

Key quotations

For that reason, we readily conclude that Byrnes had no obligation to seek our permission for her appeal, and we decline to dismiss it as an improper one under R.C. 2953.08(A)(2). (¶ 5)
This fact gave the trial judge discretion, under R.C. 2929.13(B)(1)(b)(x), to impose a prison term instead of a community-control sentence. (¶ 13)
Even so, the omission of any reference in the sentencing entry to community control, and the absence of any supervision terms or any reference to the consequences of any future violation by Byrnes of any community-control conditions convinces us that this was in fact a TCAP prison sentence. (¶ 18)

Factual background

Byrnes pleaded guilty after attempting to sell multiple people a pole barn that she did not own. The offenses included one fifth-degree-felony theft and one first-degree-misdemeanor theft. She committed the offenses while under community-control supervision or probation for a prior Delaware County conviction. Licking County participates in Ohio's Targeted Community Alternatives to Prison program.

Procedural history

The trial court imposed a 12-month county-jail sentence for the fifth-degree-felony theft and a concurrent 180-day county-jail sentence for the misdemeanor theft. Byrnes did not object to the sentence at the sentencing hearing. The Ohio Fifth District Court of Appeals reviewed the unpreserved sentencing claims for plain error and affirmed.

Court Document

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