State ex rel. Lewis v. Ohio Pub. Emps. Retirement Sys.

2025-Ohio-525 · Ohio Court of Appeals, Tenth Appellate District · February 18, 2025 · No. 23AP-80

Summary

This Ohio Court of Appeals decision addresses a relator's petition for a writ of mandamus seeking disability benefits from the Ohio Public Employees Retirement System (OPERS). The court adopted a magistrate's recommendation denying the writ, finding that the relator failed to establish a clear legal right to the relief by clear and convincing evidence. The court held that OPERS did not abuse its discretion in relying on independent medical evaluations to deny the claim and found no due process violation despite alleged deficiencies in the provided claim file copies.

Court
Ohio Court of Appeals, Tenth Appellate District
Writing for the Court
Boggs, J.; Beatty Blunt, J.; Mentel, J.
Jurisdiction
Ohio
Decision date
February 18, 2025
Docket number
23AP-80
Procedural posture
Original action in mandamus seeking to compel OPERS to vacate its denial of disability benefits and grant the benefits. The court adopted the magistrate's decision after no objections were filed and denied the writ.
Standard of review
In mandamus, the relator must establish by clear and convincing evidence a clear legal right to relief, a clear legal duty on the respondent's part, and the lack of an adequate remedy in the ordinary course of law. Review of OPERS's disability determination asks whether OPERS abused its discretion by making a decision that was unreasonable, arbitrary, or unconscionable and unsupported by some evidence. The court does not second-guess the medical expertise of the physician whose report is under review or reweigh the evidence and credibility determinations made by OPERS.
Precedential value
Published Ohio Court of Appeals decision
Parties
State ex rel. Bret E. Lewis v. The Ohio Public Employees Retirement System
Disposition
writ_denied

Topics

administrative lawagency adjudicationjudicial review of agency actionwrit of certiorariappellate procedure

Practice areas

administrative lawpublic employee retirement benefitsmandamusdisability benefitsdue process

Questions Presented

  1. Whether Lewis established a clear legal right and OPERS had a clear legal duty to provide disability benefits because OPERS abused its discretion in denying his application.
  2. Whether OPERS deprived Lewis of due process by failing to provide complete and legible copies of the evidentiary record and by not identifying all evidence relied upon in denying benefits.
  3. Whether the medical evidence supporting OPERS's denial was internally inconsistent or insufficient to constitute some evidence supporting the denial.

Holdings

  1. Lewis failed to establish by clear and convincing evidence a clear legal right to disability benefits, a clear legal duty on OPERS to provide them, and the absence of an adequate legal remedy; the evidence supporting OPERS's denial was sufficient to defeat mandamus relief.
  2. The court may not second-guess the medical expertise of the reviewing physician or reweigh the evidence and credibility determinations made by OPERS; contrary medical evidence is immaterial when some evidence supports the board's findings.
  3. Lewis did not establish a due-process deprivation warranting mandamus relief because OPERS notified him of its decisions and appeal rights, allowed him to submit additional medical evidence, and he was able to challenge the denial in mandamus; he also failed to show that the incomplete record copies prejudiced his ability to present his case.
  4. The reports were not internally inconsistent merely because they indicated that some COVID-related symptoms might persist while concluding that those symptoms did not disable Lewis from performing his job.

Key quotations

To prevail on his mandamus claim, relator must establish, by clear and convincing evidence: (1) a clear legal right to the requested relief; (2) a clear legal duty on the part of OPERS to provide that relief; and (3) the lack of an adequate remedy in the ordinary course of the law. (¶ 32)
Ultimately, the existence of contrary evidence is immaterial if there is evidence in support of the retirement system board’s findings of fact. (¶ 34)
Accordingly, it is the magistrate’s recommendation that this court should deny relator’s request for a writ of mandamus. (¶ 44)

Factual background

Lewis, a COTA bus operator participating in OPERS, contracted COVID-19 in August 2020 and thereafter reported fatigue, brain fog, shortness of breath, and difficulty sustaining work. He attempted to return to work but continued to experience exhaustion and other symptoms, and physicians disagreed about whether long COVID, depression, obstructive sleep apnea, or other conditions caused his limitations. OPERS relied principally on medical recommendations concluding that Lewis was capable of performing the essential duties of a bus operator and denied his disability application and appeal.

Procedural history

Lewis applied to OPERS for disability benefits after experiencing continuing fatigue, cognitive difficulties, and other symptoms following COVID-19 infection. OPERS denied the application and denied his appeal. Lewis then filed an original mandamus action in the Tenth District Court of Appeals. The matter was referred to a magistrate, whose recommendation to deny the writ was adopted by the court because no objections were filed and no error appeared on the face of the decision.

Court Document

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