State v. Barnes

2025 Ohio 1684 · Ohio Court of Appeals · May 9, 2025 · No. L-24-1100

Summary

This Ohio Court of Appeals decision affirms the defendant's misdemeanor assault conviction following a bench trial where she used mace against her ex-boyfriend's victim. The appellate court analyzed whether the trial court properly rejected the defendant's self-defense claim under the manifest weight of the evidence standard, concluding that the force used was disproportionate to the perceived threat. Additionally, the court found any error regarding the trial court's trespass finding to be harmless since the self-defense claim was fully considered and rejected on its merits.

Court
Ohio Court of Appeals
Writing for the Court
Mayle; Mayle, J.; Charles E. Sulek, P.J.; Thomas J. Osowik, J.
Jurisdiction
Ohio
Decision date
May 9, 2025
Docket number
L-24-1100
Procedural posture
Appeal from Toledo Municipal Court judgment convicting Barnes of assault and sentencing to one year of probation.
Standard of review
De novo review of legal issues; manifest‑weight of the evidence review for factual findings, including the self‑defense claim.
Precedential value
published
Parties
Catrease Barnes v. State of Ohio
Disposition
affirmed

Topics

self defensecriminal procedureappellate procedurestandard of reviewharmless error

Practice areas

criminal law

Questions Presented

  1. Whether Barnes was a trespasser for purposes of self‑defense and whether that finding was reversible error
  2. Whether the State disproved Barnes's self‑defense claim beyond a reasonable doubt

Holdings

  1. The trial court's finding that Barnes was trespassing was not reversible error and was harmless as a matter of law.
  2. The trial court's rejection of Barnes's self‑defense claim was not against the manifest weight of the evidence; therefore the conviction is affirmed.

Key quotations

The fact finder’s rejection of Barnes’s self‑defense claim was not against the manifest weight of the evidence. (¶ 14)
A trespasser is not entitled to assert self‑defense to justify an assault upon another who legitimately used non‑lethal force to exclude him from the property. (¶ 28)

Factual background

On June 14, 2023, the victim returned home to find her ex‑boyfriend M.N. having sex with Barnes in the basement. A struggle ensued; the victim grabbed Barnes's foot twice, and Barnes responded by spraying the victim with mace before fleeing. Barnes was arrested and convicted of assault.

Procedural history

Barnes was convicted in a bench trial of assault (R.C. 2903.13(A)) after a melee in the victim's home where she sprayed the victim with mace. She appealed, raising errors concerning a trespass finding and the sufficiency of the State's proof discrediting her self‑defense claim.

Court Document

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