Bruce R. Norton v. Joseph Adams, et al.

Norton · United States District Court for the Middle District of Pennsylvania · March 17, 2026 · No. 1:25-CV-01216

Summary

The United States District Court for the Middle District of Pennsylvania adopted a magistrate judge's report and recommendation, finding no clear error or manifest injustice in the plaintiff's objections. The court granted the defendants' motions to dismiss, denied the plaintiff's second motion for a preliminary injunction, dismissed the amended complaint with prejudice, denied a motion to file a sur-reply as moot, and directed that the case be closed.

Court
United States District Court for the Middle District of Pennsylvania
Writing for the Court
Jennifer P. Wilson
Jurisdiction
United States District Court for the Middle District of Pennsylvania
Decision date
March 17, 2026
Docket number
1:25-CV-01216
Procedural posture
Plaintiff objected to a magistrate judge's report and recommendation recommending dismissal of the amended complaint, denial of a second motion for preliminary injunction, and dismissal with prejudice. The district court reviewed the objections, adopted the report and recommendation, granted Defendants' motions to dismiss, denied the preliminary-injunction motion, dismissed the amended complaint with prejudice, and closed the case.
Standard of review
For general objections to a report and recommendation, review is limited to determining whether there is clear error or manifest injustice on the face of the record. Specific and timely objections are required for de novo review under 28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(1).
Precedential value
Unpublished district court memorandum; precedential status not indicated
Parties
Bruce R. Norton v. Joseph Adams, et al.
Disposition
dismissed

Topics

motions to dismissinjunctionscivil procedureequitable relief

Practice areas

Civil procedureFederal jurisdictionEquitable remedies

Questions Presented

  1. Whether Plaintiff's objections to the report and recommendation were sufficiently specific to require de novo review.
  2. Whether the report and recommendation contained clear error or manifest injustice on its face.
  3. Whether the Anti-Injunction Act barred Plaintiff's claims and therefore precluded his request for a preliminary injunction.
  4. Whether the amended complaint should be dismissed with prejudice and the case closed.

Holdings

  1. Because Plaintiff's objections were general and merely reargued issues addressed in the report and recommendation, de novo review was not required; the district court reviewed the report for clear error or manifest injustice on the face of the record.
  2. The court found no clear error or manifest injustice in the report and recommendation and adopted it.
  3. The Anti-Injunction Act barred Plaintiff's claims, and because the claims were barred, Plaintiff could not satisfy the requirements for a preliminary injunction.
  4. Defendants' motions to dismiss were granted, Plaintiff's second motion for preliminary injunction was denied, the amended complaint was dismissed with prejudice, Plaintiff's motion to file a sur-reply was denied as moot, and the case was closed.

Key quotations

To obtain de novo determination of a magistrate’s findings by a district court, 28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(1) requires both timely and specific objections to the report.
The court has reviewed Judge Carlson’s report and recommendation and finds no clear error or manifest injustice on the face of the record.

Factual background

Plaintiff brought claims against Defendants arising from matters implicating the Anti-Injunction Act and sought declaratory and injunctive relief. The magistrate judge concluded that none of the Anti-Injunction Act's three narrowly construed statutory exceptions applied and recommended dismissal. Plaintiff objected and argued, among other things, that his claims had been narrowed to avoid the Act and that judicial immunity did not bar declaratory relief.

Procedural history

United States Magistrate Judge Martin C. Carlson issued a report and recommendation concluding that Plaintiff's claims were barred by the Anti-Injunction Act and recommending that Defendants' motions to dismiss be granted, Plaintiff's second motion for preliminary injunction be denied, and the amended complaint be dismissed with prejudice. Plaintiff filed objections, contending that his claims avoided the Anti-Injunction Act, declaratory relief remained available, judicial immunity did not apply, and amendment should be permitted. The district court found the objections general and identified no clear error or manifest injustice, adopted the report and recommendation, overruled the objections, granted dismissal, denied preliminary injunctive relief, and closed the case.

Court Document

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