Matter of M-S-I-

29 I&N Dec. 61 (BIA 2025) · Board of Immigration Appeals · March 27, 2025 · No. Interim Decision #4094

Summary

The Board of Immigration Appeals affirmed the Immigration Judge's denial of asylum, withholding of removal, and Convention Against Torture protection for a Nepalese respondent. The decision distinguishes the CAT acquiescence standard from the asylum unable-or-unwilling standard, ruling that speculation regarding police inability to prevent private violence does not satisfy the requirement for official acquiescence. Applying Fifth Circuit precedent, the Board concluded the respondent failed to meet his burden of proof after failing to report past harm to authorities and lacking evidence of government willful blindness.

Court
Board of Immigration Appeals
Writing for the Court
MALPHRUS; CREPPY; PETTY
Jurisdiction
United States
Decision date
March 27, 2025
Docket number
Interim Decision #4094
Procedural posture
Appeal dismissed after Fifth Circuit remand; Board affirmed Immigration Judge's denial of asylum, withholding of removal, and CAT relief.
Standard of review
Clear error for factual findings; de novo for burden of proof on asylum, withholding, and CAT.
Precedential value
published
Parties
Respondent
Disposition
dismissed

Topics

asylumremoval proceedingsimmigration

Practice areas

immigration

Questions Presented

  1. Whether the respondent satisfied the CAT acquiescence requirement for protection under the Convention Against Torture.
  2. Whether the respondent satisfied the burden for asylum and withholding of removal under the INA.

Holdings

  1. The Board affirms the Immigration Judge’s conclusion that the respondent has not met his burden to show that public officials are more likely than not to acquiesce to his torture.
  2. The Board affirms the Immigration Judge’s denial of asylum and withholding of removal, finding the respondent did not establish past persecution nor that the Nepalese government is unable or unwilling to protect him.

Key quotations

The acquiescence standard for protection under the regulations implementing the Convention Against Torture differs from the unable-or-unwilling standard for asylum and withholding of removal; the potential for private actor violence coupled with a speculation that police cannot or will not help is insufficient to prove acquiescence. (61)
We affirm the Immigration Judge’s conclusion that the respondent has not met his burden for protection under the CAT. (63)

Factual background

The respondent, a native of Nepal, alleged that members of the Maoist Party assaulted and threatened him because of his political opinion. He did not report the incidents to police, asserting that police were corrupt and unlikely to act. He claimed fear of future persecution and that Nepalese officials would acquiesce to torture.

Procedural history

The respondent appealed the Immigration Judge's denial of asylum, withholding of removal, and CAT protection. The Board affirmed the IJ on February 20, 2024. The Fifth Circuit remanded on June 13, 2024 for further consideration of future persecution and CAT state‑action requirement. The Board now dismisses the appeal.

Court Document

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